{"id":544750,"date":"2025-10-21T12:43:07","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T09:43:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/basilica.ro\/?p=544750"},"modified":"2025-10-22T12:23:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T09:23:09","slug":"the-national-cathedrals-stained-glass-blending-traditional-methods-with-high-quality-modern-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/basilica.ro\/en\/the-national-cathedrals-stained-glass-blending-traditional-methods-with-high-quality-modern-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"The National Cathedral’s stained glass: Blending traditional methods with high-quality modern materials"},"content":{"rendered":"

Crafted using a technique that blends traditional methods with high-quality modern materials, the stained glass windows of the National Cathedral are a remarkable project.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Created by Romanian artisans under the direction of artist Lucian Butucariu, a professor at the National University of Arts specialising in glass and stained glass art, the works highlight local craftsmanship.<\/p>\n

A standout achievement is the fa\u00e7ade window depicting the Ascension of the Lord \u2014 15 meters high and 5.5 meters wide, made of 29 panels and completed in a record three months.<\/p>\n

French, Italian and Greek translations available below.<\/p>\n

The Stained Glass of the National Cathedral<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The making of the stained-glass windows of the National Cathedral was a remarkable process, led by the artist Lucian Butucariu, professor at the National University of Arts, specialising in the art of glasswork and stained glass, filling the gap of a relatively limited historical tradition in this field on Romanian soil. For much of history, such works had come predominantly from Western workshops. The craft, however, experienced a revival in the 1970s\u20131980s during the restoration of national monuments, when the first nucleus of specialists was formed.<\/p>\n

This spirit of autonomy and innovation, born out of necessity, laid the foundation for the Cathedral\u2019s stained-glass project to be realised entirely by Romanian artists and technicians, who assumed complex responsibilities ranging from the processing of materials to the development of execution techniques.<\/p>\n

The project represents a close collaboration between the artistic vision of the iconographer Daniel Codrescu, coordinator of the entire iconographic programme, and the technical mastery of Lucian Butucariu. The latter independently oversaw the execution of the stained glass, transposing the complex compositions into glass and lead. The first works produced were those of the Cathedral\u2019s altar, depicting our Lord Jesus Christ surrounded by holy hierarchs \u2013 a task which, from the outset, required advanced technical solutions in order to render faithfully the chromatic range and details of the compositions.<\/p>\n

An outstanding achievement of the project is the monumental stained-glass window on the fa\u00e7ade, illustrating the Ascension of the Lord<\/em>. Measuring 15 metres in height and 5.5 metres in width, this impressive work, composed of 29 panels, was completed in record time \u2013 only three months. Its completion was made possible by a small but highly synchronised team. The accelerated pace was dictated by a strict deadline, linked to the visit of Pope Francis to Romania (May 31 \u2013 June 2, 2019), and demonstrated the extraordinary capacity of the team for mobilisation.<\/p>\n

The execution technique combines traditional methods with modern, high-quality materials, most of them imported from Germany. The process begins with coloured glass, cut with precision according to the design. Figurative details \u2013 essential for the representation of saints and symbolic scenes \u2013 are executed by hand using enamels and grisaille. Each piece of glass is then fired in special kilns at temperatures between 580\u2013610\u00b0C, a process which permanently fixes the painting. The stained glass is subsequently integrated into a metal framework. Meticulousness is a defining trait: the details of the faces and the finishing touches are executed with a precision visible even from close range.<\/p>\n

The scope of the work goes far beyond the central pieces, encompassing the entire suite of the Cathedral\u2019s windows. The rose window of the western fa\u00e7ade was produced, as well as the stained-glass windows of 11 metres in height, and those of the dome, both interior and exterior. The stained-glass artist Victor S\u0103raru also contributed, particularly to the execution of the apse windows, thus completing a project of unprecedented scale in Romania.<\/p>\n

The durability of this work is ensured by the technique employed, similar to that of the stained-glass windows of the great Gothic cathedrals of Europe of the 14th\u201316th centuries, which have endured to the present day. The body-tinted glass does not degrade over time, and the painting becomes an integral part of the material. With proper maintenance, these stained-glass windows are designed to last for centuries, becoming not only an artistic component of the Cathedral but also a spiritual and cultural inheritance for future generations.<\/p>\n

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Download the leaflet in English in *pdf format here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Please see all leaflets in 4 languages here<\/a>.<\/h3>\n
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Les vitraux de la Cath\u00e9drale Nationale<\/strong><\/h2>\n

La r\u00e9alisation des vitraux de la Cath\u00e9drale Nationale a constitu\u00e9 un processus remarquable, dirig\u00e9 par l\u2019artiste Lucian Butucariu, professeur \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Nationale d\u2019Arts de Bucarest et sp\u00e9cialiste de l\u2019art verrier et du vitrail. Cette \u0153uvre s\u2019inscrit dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 par une tradition relativement r\u00e9cente dans ce domaine en Roumanie. Pendant longtemps, de telles \u0153uvres provenaient essentiellement d\u2019ateliers occidentaux. Cependant, le m\u00e9tier a connu une renaissance dans les ann\u00e9es 1970-1980, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la restauration de certains monuments nationaux, p\u00e9riode durant\u00a0laquelle s\u2019est form\u00e9 un premier noyau de sp\u00e9cialistes autochtones.<\/p>\n

Cet esprit d\u2019autonomie et d\u2019innovation, n\u00e9 de n\u00e9cessit\u00e9, a jet\u00e9 les bases permettant que le projet des vitraux de la Cath\u00e9drale soit r\u00e9alis\u00e9 int\u00e9gralement par des artistes et des techniciens roumains. Ces derniers ont assum\u00e9 des t\u00e2ches complexes allant du travail des mat\u00e9riaux au perfectionnement des techniques d\u2019ex\u00e9cution.<\/p>\n

Le projet incarne une collaboration \u00e9troite entre la vision artistique du peintre Daniel Codrescu, coordinateur de l\u2019ensemble iconographique, et la ma\u00eetrise technique de Lucian Butucariu. Ce dernier a dirig\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendante l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des vitraux, transposant en verre et en plomb des compositions complexes. Les premi\u00e8res \u0153uvres r\u00e9alis\u00e9es furent celles du sanctuaire, repr\u00e9sentant le Christ Sauveur entour\u00e9 de saints hi\u00e9rarques, un chantier qui a requis d\u00e8s le d\u00e9part des solutions techniques avanc\u00e9es pour restituer fid\u00e8lement la chromatique et les d\u00e9tails des compositions.<\/p>\n

Une performance exceptionnelle du projet est constitu\u00e9e par le vitrail monumental de la fa\u00e7ade ouest, illustrant l\u2019Ascension du Seigneur<\/em>. Haute de 15 m\u00e8tres et large de 5,5 m\u00e8tres, cette \u0153uvre impressionnante, compos\u00e9e de 29 panneaux, fut achev\u00e9e dans un d\u00e9lai record de trois mois seulement. Sa r\u00e9alisation a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue possible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une \u00e9quipe r\u00e9duite mais parfaitement coordonn\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Ce rythme soutenu s\u2019explique par un \u00e9ch\u00e9ancier contraint, li\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019organisation de la visite du pape Fran\u00e7ois en Roumanie (31 mai \u2013 2 juin 2019), et t\u00e9moigne de l\u2019impressionnante capacit\u00e9 de mobilisation de l\u2019\u00e9quipe.<\/p>\n

La technique d\u2019ex\u00e9cution des vitraux combine des m\u00e9thodes traditionnelles avec des mat\u00e9riaux modernes de haute qualit\u00e9, import\u00e9s pour la plupart d\u2019Allemagne. Le processus commence par la d\u00e9coupe minutieuse du verre color\u00e9, selon le dessin d\u2019ex\u00e9cution. Les d\u00e9tails figuratifs \u2013 essentiels pour la repr\u00e9sentation des saints et des sc\u00e8nes symboliques \u2013 sont peints manuellement au maillet et \u00e0 la grisaille. Chaque pi\u00e8ce de verre est ensuite cuite dans des fours sp\u00e9ciaux \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature de 580-610 \u00b0C, fixant ainsi de mani\u00e8re permanente la peinture. Le vitrail est enfin int\u00e9gr\u00e9 \u00e0 une structure de menuiserie m\u00e9tallique. La m\u00e9ticulosit\u00e9 est d\u00e9cisive : les d\u00e9tails des portraits et les finitions sont ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s avec une pr\u00e9cision perceptible m\u00eame \u00e0 courte distance.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ampleur des travaux d\u00e9passe les pi\u00e8ces centrales et englobe l\u2019ensemble des fen\u00eatres de la Cath\u00e9drale. Ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s : la rosace de la fa\u00e7ade ouest, les vitraux des fen\u00eatres hautes de 11 m\u00e8tres, ainsi que les vitraux des fen\u00eatres de la tour principale \u2013 tant int\u00e9rieurs qu\u2019ext\u00e9rieurs. L\u2019artiste verrier Victor S\u0103raru a \u00e9galement particip\u00e9 au projet, prenant en charge notamment l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des vitraux des absides, compl\u00e9tant ainsi une entreprise d\u2019une envergure sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent en Roumanie.<\/p>\n

La durabilit\u00e9 de cette \u0153uvre est assur\u00e9e par la technique employ\u00e9e, similaire \u00e0 celle des vitraux des cath\u00e9drales gothiques europ\u00e9ennes des XIVe<\/sup>-XVIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cles, qui sont parvenus jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nous. Le verre color\u00e9 dans la masse ne se d\u00e9grade pas avec le temps, et la peinture devient partie int\u00e9grante du mat\u00e9riau. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un entretien appropri\u00e9, ces vitraux sont con\u00e7us pour durer des si\u00e8cles, constituant ainsi non seulement un \u00e9l\u00e9ment artistique de la Cath\u00e9drale, mais aussi un h\u00e9ritage spirituel et culturel destin\u00e9 aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures.<\/p>\n

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Le Vetrate della Cattedrale Nazionale<\/strong><\/h2>\n

La creazione delle vetrate della Cattedrale Nazionale \u00e8 stata un processo straordinario, guidato dall’artista Lucian Butucariu, professore presso l’Universit\u00e0 Nazionale d’Arte, specializzato nell’arte della lavorazione del vetro e delle vetrate artistiche, che ha contribuito a integrare una piccola tradizione storica in questo campo in Romania. Nel corso del tempo, opere di questo tipo provenivano principalmente da laboratori occidentali, ma l’artigianato ha conosciuto una rinascita negli anni ’70 e ’80, con il restauro di alcuni monumenti nazionali, quando si \u00e8 formato un primo nucleo di specialisti.<\/p>\n

Questo spirito di autonomia e innovazione, nato dalla necessit\u00e0, ha posto le basi affinch\u00e9 il progetto delle vetrate della Cattedrale fosse realizzato interamente da artisti e tecnici romeni, che si sono assunti compiti complessi, dalla lavorazione dei materiali allo sviluppo delle tecniche di esecuzione.<\/p>\n

Il progetto rappresenta una stretta collaborazione tra la visione artistica del pittore Daniel Codrescu, coordinatore dell’intero complesso iconografico, e la maestria tecnica di Lucian Butucariu. Quest’ultimo ha coordinato autonomamente l’esecuzione delle vetrate, trasponendo le complesse composizioni in vetro e piombo. Le prime opere completate sono state quelle dell’altare della Cattedrale, che raffigurano il Salvatore Ges\u00f9 Cristo circondato dai santi gerarchi, una missione che ha richiesto fin dall’inizio soluzioni tecniche all’avanguardia per riprodurre fedelmente i cromatismi e i dettagli delle composizioni.<\/p>\n

Un’eccezionale realizzazione del progetto \u00e8 la monumentale vetrata sulla facciata, che illustra l’Ascensione del Signore<\/em>. Con un’altezza di 15 metri e una larghezza di 5,5 metri, questa imponente opera, composta da 29 pannelli, \u00e8 stata completata nel tempo record di soli tre mesi. Il risultato \u00e8 stato possibile grazie a una squadra piccola ma ben coordinata.<\/p>\n

Il ritmo serrato \u00e8 stato imposto da una scadenza ravvicinata, legata all’organizzazione della visita di Papa Francesco in Romania (31 maggio \u2013 2 giugno 2019), a dimostrazione della straordinaria capacit\u00e0 di mobilitazione della squadra.<\/p>\n

La tecnica di esecuzione combina metodi tradizionali con materiali moderni di alta qualit\u00e0, la maggior parte dei quali importati dalla Germania. Il processo inizia con il vetro colorato, tagliato con precisione secondo il disegno esecutivo. I dettagli figurativi \u2013 essenziali per la rappresentazione di santi e scene simboliche \u2013 sono realizzati a mano, utilizzando smalti e grisaglie. Successivamente, ogni pezzo di vetro viene cotto in forni speciali a temperature di 580-610 \u00b0C, un processo che fissa in modo permanente il dipinto. La vetrata viene quindi integrata in una struttura metallica di falegnameria. La meticolosit\u00e0 \u00e8 determinante, con i dettagli dei ritratti e le finiture eseguiti con una precisione visibile anche da distanza ravvicinata.<\/p>\n

La portata delle opere va oltre le opere centrali, includendo l’intera serie di vetrate della cattedrale. Sono stati realizzati il \u200b\u200brosone sulla facciata occidentale, le vetrate delle finestre alte 11 metri e quelle delle finestre della torre, sia interne che esterne. A questo sforzo ha contribuito anche l’artista delle vetrate Victor S\u0103raru, che si \u00e8 occupato principalmente dell’esecuzione delle vetrate delle absidi, completando cos\u00ec un progetto di una portata senza precedenti in Romania.<\/p>\n

La durevolezza di quest’opera \u00e8 garantita dalla tecnica utilizzata, simile a quella delle vetrate delle grandi cattedrali gotiche europee del XIV-XVI secolo, giunte fino a noi. Il vetro colorato in massa non si degrada nel tempo e la pittura diventa parte integrante del materiale. Con una corretta manutenzione, queste vetrate sono progettate per durare secoli, diventando non solo una componente artistica della cattedrale, ma anche un patrimonio spirituale e culturale per le generazioni future.<\/p>\n

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\u03a4\u0391 \u0392\u0399\u03a4\u03a1\u03a9<\/h2>\n

\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce (\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb. vitraux) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (Butucariu), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n

\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u00b7 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u201970-\u201980 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n

\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7, \u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03be \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03a1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n

\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ae\u03bb \u039a\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 (Codrescu), \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (Butucariu).<\/p>\n

\u039f \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u0399\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u0391\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0399\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2\u00b7 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n

\u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03b5 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 15 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 5,5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 29 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd. \u0397 \u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1.<\/p>\n

\u039f \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03ac\u03c0\u03b1 \u03a6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 (31 \u039c\u03b1\u0390\u03bf\u03c5 \u2013 2 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 2019), \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n

\u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc, \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u2013 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0391\u03b3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u2013 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b1\u03ca\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n

\u03a5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03bf \u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03c8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 580-610\u00b0 \u039a\u03b5\u03bb\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u0395\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n

\u0397 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd. \u0395\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c1\u03cc\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 11 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u0390\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1 \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (Victor S\u0103raru), \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c8\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n

\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5, \u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 14\u03bf-16\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1. \u039f \u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n

\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n

Photo: George Ioni\u021b\u0103<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Crafted using a technique that blends traditional methods with high-quality modern materials, the stained glass windows of the National Cathedral are a remarkable project. Created by Romanian artisans under the direction of artist Lucian Butucariu, a professor at the National University of Arts specialising in glass and stained glass art, the works highlight local craftsmanship.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":534802,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32362],"tags":[16433,16434,34123,36151,36188],"class_list":["post-544750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-national-cathedral","tag-catedrala-mantuirii-neamului-en","tag-catedrala-nationala-en","tag-national-cathedral-consecration","tag-romanias-national-cathedral-presentation-leaflets","tag-stained-glass"],"yoast_head":"\nThe National Cathedral's stained glass: Blending traditional methods with high-quality modern materials - Basilica.ro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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