{"id":544158,"date":"2025-10-15T16:20:22","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T13:20:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/basilica.ro\/?p=544158"},"modified":"2025-10-22T10:38:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T07:38:59","slug":"what-to-notice-before-entering-the-national-cathedral-the-porticoes-the-square-and-the-towers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/basilica.ro\/en\/what-to-notice-before-entering-the-national-cathedral-the-porticoes-the-square-and-the-towers\/","title":{"rendered":"What to Notice Before Entering the National Cathedral: The Porticoes, the Square, and the Towers (pdf)"},"content":{"rendered":"

In just eleven days, you will be able to witness the Great Consecration of the National Cathedral. Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew and Patriarch Daniel will celebrate the service. Beginning on Sunday, 26 October 2025, the faithful will have the opportunity to enter the Cathedral and venerate even in the Holy Altar until the end of the month.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Before stepping inside the Cathedral, you may wish to take some time to admire the exterior elements of the architectural ensemble of the National Cathedral of the Salvation of the Nation \u2014 the porticoes, the square, and the towers. All these components contribute to defining this sacred space within the urban landscape of Bucharest, standing as a testimony to Romanian history and spirituality.<\/p>\n

One detail that can only be seen from an aerial view is that the entire ground on which the National Cathedral stands has been shaped in the form of a chalice \u2014 a reference to the Holy Eucharist, the central Mystery of the Church and the one that will be most frequently celebrated in this Cathedral.<\/p>\n

Please find the French, Italian and Greek translations below.<\/p>\n

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The Porticoes, Esplanade, and Towers of the National Cathedral<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The exterior elements of the architectural ensemble of the National Cathedral \u2013 the porticoes, the esplanade, and the towers \u2013 contribute to defining this sacred space within the urban landscape of Bucharest, as a testimony to Romanian history and spirituality, a synthesis of tradition and modernity.<\/p>\n

Porticoes<\/h3>\n

Inspired by the Br\u00e2ncovenesque porches<\/em>, the porticoes of the National Cathedral fulfil both an aesthetic and a practical role, defining the space of the esplanade. The main access is from the two porticoes (north-western and south-western), leading into a porch with arches which marks the entrance to the Cathedral. On the northern and southern sides of the esplanade, the porticoes delimit the area of the Outdoor Altar, creating an appropriate framework for services celebrated in the open air.<\/p>\n

Esplanade<\/h3>\n

In front of the Cathedral extends a broad esplanade (square), designed to facilitate participation in the divine services. This open space, with an area of 11,600 sqm, not only highlights the monumentality of the church but can also accommodate 23,200 persons during outdoor liturgical events.<\/p>\n

Beneath the esplanade lies a vast underground space, larger than the footprint of the Cathedral itself, symbolically named the \u201cUrban Cave of Saint Andrew the Apostle<\/em>\u201d, with a total volume of 87,505.67 cbm and a capacity of 6,900 persons. It is intended for cultural, catechetical, and social activities, as well as for setting up a museum.<\/p>\n

The 8 Towers<\/h3>\n

The Cathedral\u2019s silhouette is defined by its eight towers<\/em>, which combine architectural elements from different regions of Romania \u2013 such as the slender Transylvanian towers \u2013 with the monumentality characteristic of Western cathedrals. The central ensemble consists of one principal tower and four secondary towers, and to the West, three more large towers.<\/p>\n

The main Pantocrator Tower<\/em> reaches a height of 120 metres to the base of the cross. Inside, the dome of this tower houses a monumental mosaic icon of Christ Pantocrator (the Almighty)<\/em>, with a diameter of 12 metres and a surface of over 150 sqm. The cross atop the principal tower measures 7 metres in height and weighs 7 tonnes.<\/p>\n

The bell tower<\/em>, located on the western side above the exonarthex, houses the six bells of the Cathedral, cast in Innsbruck by the renowned Grassmayr<\/em> foundry. With a combined weight of 33 tonnes, they are set at a height of 60 metres, and the principal bell, with free swing, weighs 25 tons. The bell tower is flanked by two large towers.<\/p>\n

Everything in the Cathedral has significance<\/h3>\n

\u201cThe exterior and interior artistry are two components of particular importance in establishing a climate of spiritual communication. Tradition will not be abandoned, but interpreted as a state of continual deepening. The artistic expression must convey the canonical Orthodox message, so that nothing in the construction or in the interior decoration should be arbitrary or without spiritual meaning.<\/p>\n

The volume of the Cathedral is to represent the place housing the Mystery of the Holy Eucharist, the Church itself, with the ground plan in the form of a chalice. The whole construction rises heavenwards through eight golden towers. The largest one, the Pantocrator<\/em>, represents Jesus Christ, the Head of the Church, accompanied by four smaller towers symbolising the Four Evangelists: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. To the west, the bell tower represents the Mother of God, while the adjacent towers represent Saints Andrew and Philip the Apostles, who began the Christianisation of the Romanian (Geto-Dacian) people. The length of the Cathedral (120 m) is equal to the height of the Pantocrator<\/em> Tower, for Christ Who was crucified and buried is the same Christ Who is risen and ascended into heaven.<\/p>\n

This meaning of the architectural composition may be considered a call to spiritual elevation: that through Jesus Christ we may become partakers of the eternal life and joy of the Most Holy Trinity.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u2020 DANIEL<\/strong>
\nPatriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church<\/strong><\/p>\n

Presentation leaflet in English about the exterior of Romania’s National Cathedral: free download<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Please see all leaflets in 4 languages here<\/a>.<\/h3>\n
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Les portiques, l\u2019esplanade et les tours de la Cath\u00e9drale Nationale<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments ext\u00e9rieurs de l\u2019ensemble architectural de la Cath\u00e9drale Nationale \u2013 les portiques, l\u2019esplanade et les tours \u2013 contribuent \u00e0 l\u2019inscription de ce lieu sacr\u00e9 dans le paysage urbain de Bucarest. Ils en font un t\u00e9moignage de l\u2019histoire et de la spiritualit\u00e9 roumaines, v\u00e9ritable synth\u00e8se entre tradition et modernit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Inspir\u00e9s des porches d\u2019entr\u00e9e de style brancov\u00e9nien, les portiques<\/em> de la Cath\u00e9drale Nationale remplissent une double fonction, esth\u00e9tique et pratique, en structurant l\u2019espace de l\u2019esplanade. L\u2019acc\u00e8s principal s\u2019effectue par les deux portiques (au nord-ouest et au sud-ouest), qui m\u00e8nent \u00e0 un narthex \u00e0 arcades marquant l\u2019entr\u00e9e de la cath\u00e9drale. Sur les c\u00f4t\u00e9s nord et sud de l\u2019esplanade, les portiques encadrent l\u2019Autel d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 (Altarul de var<\/em>\u0103<\/em>) et offrent un espace liturgique \u00e0 la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration des offices en plein air.<\/p>\n

Devant la Cath\u00e9drale s\u2019\u00e9tend une esplanade<\/em> (parvis) con\u00e7ue pour faciliter la participation des fid\u00e8les aux offices. Cet espace ouvert, couvrant 11\u00a0600 m\u00b2, met non seulement en valeur la monumentalit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9difice sacr\u00e9, mais poss\u00e8de \u00e9galement la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueillir 23\u00a0200 fid\u00e8les lors des c\u00e9l\u00e9brations liturgiques en plein air.<\/p>\n

Sous l\u2019esplanade se d\u00e9veloppe un vaste espace souterrain, dont l\u2019emprise d\u00e9passe le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre au sol de la cath\u00e9drale. Symboliquement d\u00e9nomm\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0la Grotte urbaine Saint-Andr\u00e9 l\u2019Ap\u00f4tre\u00a0\u00bb, cet espace souterrain pr\u00e9sente un volume total de 87\u00a0505,67 m\u00b3 avec une capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil de 6\u00a0900 personnes. Il est destin\u00e9 \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s culturelles, cat\u00e9ch\u00e9tiques et sociales, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9nagement des expositions mus\u00e9ales temporaires.<\/p>\n

La silhouette de la Cath\u00e9drale est d\u00e9finie par ses tours <\/em>qui int\u00e8grent de mani\u00e8re synth\u00e9tique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments architecturaux issus de diverses r\u00e9gions de la Roumanie. On y distingue notamment l\u2019influence des tours \u00e9lanc\u00e9s de Transylvanie, harmonieusement associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la monumentalit\u00e9 typique des\u00a0cath\u00e9drales occidentales. L\u2019ensemble se compose de huit tours\u00a0: une tour centrale flanqu\u00e9e de quatre tours secondaires \u00e0 l\u2019est et trois grandes tours \u00e0 l\u2019ouest.<\/p>\n

La tour principale<\/em> (Pantocrator<\/em>) atteint une hauteur de 120 m\u00e8tres jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la base de la croix. \u00c0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, sa coupole abrite une ic\u00f4ne du Christ Pantocrator (Tout-Puissant\/Atot\u021biitorul<\/em>), r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en mosa\u00efque. Cette \u0153uvre iconographique monumentale mesure 12 m\u00e8tres de diam\u00e8tre et couvre une superficie de plus de 150 m\u00b2. La croix qui surmonte la tour principale atteint 7 m\u00e8tres de hauteur et p\u00e8se 7 tonnes.<\/p>\n

La tour-clocher<\/em>, situ\u00e9e sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 ouest, au-dessus de l\u2019exonarthex, abrite les six cloches de la cath\u00e9drale, fondues \u00e0 Innsbruck (Autriche) par la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre entreprise Grassmayr<\/em>. Elles p\u00e8sent au total 33 tonnes et sont install\u00e9es \u00e0 60 m\u00e8tres de hauteur. La cloche principale, avec ses plus de 25 tonnes, est la plus grande cloche \u00e0 battant libre d\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La plasticit\u00e9 ext\u00e9rieure et int\u00e9rieure constitue deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments de premi\u00e8re importance pour \u00e9tablir un climat d\u2019intercommunication. La tradition ne sera pas abandonn\u00e9e, mais interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e comme un \u00e9tat de perp\u00e9tuel approfondissement. La plasticit\u00e9 doit porter le message canonique orthodoxe, de sorte que rien dans la construction ou la d\u00e9coration int\u00e9rieure ne soit laiss\u00e9 au hasard, d\u00e9pourvu de sens spirituel.<\/p>\n

Le volume de la cath\u00e9drale doit repr\u00e9senter le lieu qui abrite le Myst\u00e8re de la Sainte Eucharistie, l\u2019\u00c9glise, le terrain entier ayant la configuration d\u2019un calice. L\u2019ensemble de l\u2019\u00e9difice s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve vers le ciel gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 huit tours dor\u00e9es. La toure la plus haute, nomm\u00e9e Pantocrator, symbolise J\u00e9sus-Christ, Chef\/T\u00eate de l\u2019\u00c9glise, et est entour\u00e9e de quatre petites tours repr\u00e9sentant les quatre \u00c9vang\u00e9listes : Matthieu, Marc, Luc et Jean. Vers l\u2019ouest, la tour-clocher repr\u00e9sente la Vierge Marie, tandis que les tours adjacentes symbolisent les Saints Ap\u00f4tres Andr\u00e9 et Philippe, qui ont initi\u00e9 la christianisation du peuple roumain (g\u00e8to-daco-romain). La longueur de la cath\u00e9drale (120 m\u00e8tres) est \u00e9gale \u00e0 la hauteur de la tour Pantocrator<\/em>, puisque le Christ crucifi\u00e9 et enseveli est le m\u00eame que le Christ ressuscit\u00e9 et \u00e9lev\u00e9 au ciel.<\/p>\n

Ce symbolisme de la composition architecturale peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un appel \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation spirituelle, afin que, par J\u00e9sus-Christ, nous communions \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 la joie \u00e9ternelles de la Tr\u00e8s Sainte Trinit\u00e9 \u00bb (Patriarche Daniel).<\/p>\n

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I Portici, la Piazza e le Guglie della Cattedrale Nazionale<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Gli elementi esterni del complesso architettonico della Cattedrale Nazionale \u2013 i portici, la piazza e le guglie \u2013 contribuiscono a definire questo spazio sacro nel paesaggio urbano di Bucarest, come testimonianza della storia e della spiritualit\u00e0 romena, sintesi tra tradizione e modernit\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Ispirati ai portici in stile Br\u00e2ncoveanu, i portici<\/em> della Cattedrale Nazionale svolgono un ruolo estetico e allo stesso tempo pratico, definendo lo spazio della spianata. L’accesso principale \u00e8 rappresentato dai due portici (nord-ovest e sud-ovest) attraverso un portico ad arcate, che costituisce l’ingresso alla cattedrale. Sui lati nord e sud della piazza, i portici delimitano l’area dell’altare estivo, creando un ambiente appropriato per lo svolgimento delle funzioni religiose all’aperto.<\/p>\n

Di fronte alla cattedrale si trova una spianata<\/em> progettata per facilitare la partecipazione alle funzioni religiose. Questo spazio aperto, con una superficie di 11.600 m\u00b2, non solo esalta la monumentalit\u00e0 della chiesa, ma ha anche la capacit\u00e0 di ospitare 23.200 persone durante gli eventi liturgici all’aperto.<\/p>\n

Sotto la spianata si trova un ampio spazio sotterraneo, pi\u00f9 grande della pianta della cattedrale, simbolicamente chiamato “La Grotta Cittadina di Sant’Andrea Apostolo<\/em>“, con un volume totale di 87.505,67 m\u00b3 e una capacit\u00e0 di 6.900 persone, destinato ad attivit\u00e0 culturali, catechetiche, sociali e all’organizzazione di un museo.<\/p>\n

La silhouette della cattedrale \u00e8 definita dalle sue <\/em>otto guglie<\/em>, che combinano elementi architettonici di diverse regioni della Romania, come le snelle torri della Transilvania, con la monumentalit\u00e0 tipica di alcune cattedrali occidentali. L’insieme centrale \u00e8 formato da una guglia principale e quattro guglie secondarie, mentre a ovest si innalzano altre tre grandi cupole.<\/p>\n

La guglia principale (il Pantocratore<\/em>) raggiunge un’altezza di 120 metri alla base della croce. All’interno, la cupola di questa guglia ospita un’icona del Cristo Pantocratore (l’Onnipotente<\/em>), realizzata in mosaico. Questa monumentale rappresentazione iconografica ha un diametro di 12 metri e una superficie di oltre 150 metri quadrati. La croce sulla guglia principale \u00e8 alta 7 metri e pesa 7 tonnellate.<\/p>\n

La torre campanile<\/em>, situata sul lato occidentale, sopra l’esonartece, ospita le sei campane della cattedrale, fuse a Innsbruck dalla rinomata azienda Grassmayr.<\/em> Hanno un peso totale di 33 tonnellate e si trovano a un’altezza di 60 metri, e la campana principale, a oscillazione libera, pesa 25 tonnellate. La torre-campanile \u00e8 affiancata da due grandi cupole.<\/p>\n

“L’arte plastica esterna e quella interna sono due componenti di particolare importanza per stabilire un clima di intercomunicazione. La tradizione non sar\u00e0 abbandonata, ma sar\u00e0 interpretata come uno stato di approfondimento permanente. L’arte plastica dovr\u00e0 essere portatrice del messaggio ortodosso canonico, affinch\u00e9 nulla di ci\u00f2 che la costruzione o la decorazione interna rappresentano sia accidentale, privo di significato spirituale.<\/p>\n

Il volume della costruzione della cattedrale deve rappresentare il luogo che custodisce il Mistero della Santa Eucaristia, la Chiesa, la terra che ha la configurazione di un calice. L’intera costruzione \u00e8 rivolta verso il cielo attraverso otto guglie dorate. La guglia pi\u00f9 grande, il Pantocratore<\/em>, rappresenta Ges\u00f9 Cristo, il Capo della Chiesa, con quattro guglie pi\u00f9 piccole accanto, che simboleggiano i quattro Evangelisti: Matteo, Marco, Luca e Giovanni. A ovest, il campanile rappresenta la Madre di Dio, e le guglie adiacenti rappresentano i Santi Apostoli Andrea e Filippo, che iniziarono la cristianizzazione del popolo romeno (Geto-Daco-Romano). La lunghezza della cattedrale (120 m) \u00e8 pari all’altezza della guglia del Pantocratore, perch\u00e9 Cristo il Crocifisso e Sepolto \u00e8 lo stesso che \u00e8 risorto e asceso al cielo.<\/p>\n

Questo significato della composizione architettonica pu\u00f2 essere considerato come una chiamata all’elevazione spirituale, affinch\u00e9 attraverso Ges\u00f9 Cristo possiamo diventare partecipi della vita eterna e della gioia della Santissima Trinit\u00e0\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u2020<\/strong> DANIEL<\/strong><\/p>\n

Patriarca della Chiesa Ortodossa Romena<\/strong><\/p>\n

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H \u03a0\u039b\u0391\u03a4\u0395I\u0391 \u039a\u0391I \u039fI \u03a4\u03a1\u039fY\u039b\u039b\u039f\u0399<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u03a4\u1f70 \u1f10\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f18\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u2013 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2, \u1f21 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u2013 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u1f78 \u1f00\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u1f61\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f31\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u1f7a \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n

\u1f18\u03bc\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03ba\u03bf\u03b2\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u1f72\u03c2<\/em> \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f18\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u1f00\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u03af, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c7\u1ff6\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u1f29 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f76\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03c4\u1f74 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae), \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f11\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c8\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03bf\u1f7a \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b5\u1f34\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u1f78 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78 \u039d\u03b1\u03cc. \u03a3\u03c4\u1f76\u03c2 \u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u1f72\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u1f72\u03c2 \u1f41\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f15\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd.<\/p>\n

\u1f1c\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u1f70 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1<\/em> (\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1), \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u1f70 \u03bd\u1f70 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u1f74 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u1f76\u03c2 \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u1f72\u03c2 \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u1f49 \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c7\u1ff6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f10\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6 11.600 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f44\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74 \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bf\u1fe6, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u1f70 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6 23.200 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03c0\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u1f10\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n

\u039a\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u1f10\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f15\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u1ff6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f50\u03c1\u03cd\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u1f72 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u1f41 \u1f41\u03c0\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f40\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u00ab\u03a4\u1f78 \u1f08\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78 \u03a3\u03c0\u03ae\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f09\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f08\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5<\/em>\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78 \u1f44\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf 87.505,67 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 6.900 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b3\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f72\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f72\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1f72\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u1f61\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f40\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n

\u1f29 \u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f41\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f40\u03ba\u03c4\u1f7c \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03bf\u1f7a \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u1f72\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03a1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03c8\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f74 \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u1f7a \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2. \u03a4\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u1f15\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u1f10\u03bd\u1ff6, \u03c3\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u1f51\u03c8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9.<\/p>\n

\u1f49 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2<\/em> (\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/em>) \u1f10\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u1f72 \u1f55\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 120 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f15\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6. \u03a3\u03c4\u1f78 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u1f41 \u03b8\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6 \u1f11\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2,<\/em> \u1f10\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03b9\u03b4\u03c9\u03c4\u1ff7. \u1f29 \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f74 \u03b5\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf 12 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u1f7a \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f70 150 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1. \u1f49 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f55\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 7 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n

\u1f49 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, <\/em>\u1f41 \u1f41\u03c0\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u1f74 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac, \u1f10\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03c9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f76\u03c2 \u1f15\u03be\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u1fe6, \u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u1f78 \u1f3c\u03bd\u03c3\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7 \u1f10\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 Grassmayr<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u0391\u1f50\u03c4\u1f72\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u1f78 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 33 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u1f72 \u1f55\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 60 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f10\u03bd\u1ff6 \u1f21 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bc\u1f72 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 25 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u1f49 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u1f29 \u1f10\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u1f29 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u03b8\u1f70 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03b8\u1f70 \u1f10\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2.<\/p>\n

\u1f29 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u1f40\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u1f70 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f40\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f65\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f00\u03c0\u2019 \u1f45\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u1f74 \u1f22 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u1f70 \u03bc\u1f74\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf, \u03bf\u1f54\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n

\u1f49 \u1f44\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f40\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u1f70 \u1f00\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u1f7a \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78 \u039c\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u0398\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0395\u1f50\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f18\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03af, \u03b3\u03b9\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf, \u1f41 \u03c7\u1ff6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u1f74 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u1f4d\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u1f78 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f40\u03ba\u03c4\u1f7c \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd. \u1f49 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f41 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2,<\/em> \u1f00\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f38\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc,<\/p>\n

\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u1f74 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f18\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f41\u03c0\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f09\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0395\u1f50\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2: \u039c\u03b1\u03c4\u03b8\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf, \u039c\u1fb6\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf, \u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u1fb6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f38\u03c9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7. \u03a0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2, \u1f41 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f59\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc\u03ba\u03bf, \u1f10\u03bd\u1ff6 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f00\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f09\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f08\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf, \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f41\u03c0\u03bf\u1fd6\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f24\u03c1\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 (\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf-\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf-\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6) \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u1fe6. \u03a4\u1f78 \u03bc\u1fc6\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f39\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u039d\u03b1\u03bf\u1fe6 (120 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd) \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f34\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f55\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2,<\/em> \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u1f74 \u1f41 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f41 \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03a4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f41 \u1f3c\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f08\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f08\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/p>\n

\u0391\u1f50\u03c4\u1f74 \u1f21 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u1f70 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u1f65\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f38\u03b7\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bd\u1f70 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f30\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u2020 \u0394\u0391\u039d\u0399\u0397\u039b<\/p>\n

\u03a0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03a1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f48\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f18\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/p>\n

Photo credit: Basilica.ro \/ Mircea Florescu (archive)<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In just eleven days, you will be able to witness the Great Consecration of the National Cathedral. Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew and Patriarch Daniel will celebrate the service. Beginning on Sunday, 26 October 2025, the faithful will have the opportunity to enter the Cathedral and venerate even in the Holy Altar until the end of the…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":541553,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32362],"tags":[16433,16434,16751,66,246,26759,36151,4463],"class_list":["post-544158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-national-cathedral","tag-catedrala-mantuirii-neamului-en","tag-catedrala-nationala-en","tag-national-catehdral","tag-patriarch-daniel","tag-romania","tag-romanias-national-cathedral","tag-romanias-national-cathedral-presentation-leaflets","tag-romanian-peoples-salvation-cathedral"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat to Notice Before Entering the National Cathedral: The Porticoes, the Square, and the Towers (pdf) - Basilica.ro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/basilica.ro\/en\/what-to-notice-before-entering-the-national-cathedral-the-porticoes-the-square-and-the-towers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What to Notice Before Entering the National Cathedral: The Porticoes, the Square, and the Towers (pdf)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In just eleven days, you will be able to witness the Great Consecration of the National Cathedral. Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew and Patriarch Daniel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/basilica.ro\/en\/what-to-notice-before-entering-the-national-cathedral-the-porticoes-the-square-and-the-towers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Basilica.ro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/basilica.ro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-15T13:20:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-22T07:38:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/basilica.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Catedrala-Nationala-172.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0218tefana Totorcea\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta 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