{"id":161409,"date":"2026-04-10T00:00:34","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T21:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/basilica.ro\/?p=161409\/"},"modified":"2026-04-03T21:33:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T18:33:21","slug":"orthodox-calendar-april-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/basilica.ro\/en\/orthodox-calendar-april-10\/","title":{"rendered":"Great and Holy Friday (Non-liturgical day. Matins); Martyrs Terence, Pompeius, Africanus, Maximus and Dima"},"content":{"rendered":"

Orthodox Calendar, April 10<\/h1>\n

Great and Holy Friday<\/h2>\n

On Great and Holy Friday, Christ died on the Cross. He gave up His spirit with the words: \u201cIt is finished\u201d (John 19:30). These words are better understood when rendered: \u201cIt is consummated.\u201d He had accomplished the work for which His heavenly Father had sent Him into the world. He became a man in the fullest sense of the word. He accepted the baptism of repentance from John in the Jordan River. He assumed the whole human condition, experiencing all its alienation, agony, and suffering, concluding with the lowly death on the Cross. He perfectly fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah:<\/p>\n

\u201cTherefore I will divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he has poured out his soul to death, and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sins of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

(Isaiah 53:12)<\/p>\n

The Man of Sorrows<\/h4>\n

On the Cross Jesus thus became \u201cthe man of sorrows; acquainted with grief\u201d whom the prophet Isaiah had foretold. He was \u201cdespised and forsaken by men\u201d and \u201csmitten by God, and afflicted\u201d (Isaiah 53:3-4). He became the one with \u201cno form or comeliness that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him\u201d (Isaiah 53:2). His appearance was \u201cmarred beyond human semblance, and his form beyond that of the sons of men\u201d (Isaiah 52:14). All these Messianic prophecies were fulfilled in Jesus as he hung from the Cross.<\/p>\n

As the end approached, He cried: \u201cMy God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken me?\u201d (Matthew 27:46). This cry indicated His complete identification with the human condition. He had totally embraced the despised, forsaken and smitten condition of suffering and death\u2014alienation from God. He was truly the man of sorrows.<\/p>\n

Yet, it is important to note that Jesus\u2019 cry of anguish from the Cross was not a sign of His loss of faith in His Father. The words which He exclaimed are the first verse of Psalm 22, a messianic Psalm. The first part of the Psalm foretells the anguish, suffering and death of the Messiah. The second part is a song of praise to God. It predicts the final victory of the Messiah.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The Formal Charges<\/h4>\n

The death of Christ had been sought by the religious leaders in Jerusalem from the earliest days of His public ministry. The formal charges made against Him usually fell into the following two categories:<\/p>\n

1) violation of the Law of the Old Testament, e.g., breaking the Sabbath rest;
\n2) blasphemy: making Himself equal with God.<\/p>\n

Matters were hastened (consummated) by the moment of truth which followed His entrance into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday. He had the people behind Him. He spoke plainly. He said that the Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath. He chastised the scribes and Pharisees for reducing religion to a purely external affair;<\/p>\n

\u201cYou are like whitewashed tombs, which outwardly appear beautiful, but within are full of dead men\u2019s bones and all uncleanness. So you also outwardly appear righteous to men, but within you are full of hypocrisy and iniquity\u201d (Matthew 23:27-28).<\/p>\n

It was the second formal charge; however, that became the basis for His conviction.<\/p>\n

The Religious Trial<\/h4>\n

Christ\u2019s conviction and death sentence required two trials: religious and political. The religious trial was first and took place during the night immediately after His arrest. After considerable difficulty in finding witnesses for the prosecution who actually agreed in their testimony, Caiaphas, the high priest, asked Jesus the essential question: \u201cAre you Christ, the Son of the Blessed?\u201d Jesus, who had remained silent to this point, now responded directly:<\/p>\n

\u201cI am; and you will see the Son of man sitting at the right hand of power, and coming with the clouds of heaven\u201d (Mark 14:61-62).<\/p>\n

Jesus\u2019 reply recalled the many other statements He had made beginning with the words, \u201cI am.\u201d \u201cI am the bread of life . . . I am the light of the world. . . I am the way, the truth, and the life. . . before Abraham was, I am.\u201d (John 6 through 15). The use of these words themselves was considered blasphemous by the religious leaders. The words were the Name of God. By using them as His own Name, Jesus positively identified Himself with God. From the burning bush the voice of God had disclosed these words to Moses as the Divine Name:<\/p>\n

\u201cSay this to the people of Israel, \u2018I AM has sent me to you\u2019\u201d (Exodus 3:13-14).<\/p>\n

Now Jesus, as He had done on many other occasions, used them as His own Name. The high priest immediately tore his mantle and \u201cthey all condemned Him as deserving death\u201d (Mark 14:64). In their view He had violated the Law of the Old Testament:<\/p>\n

\u201cHe who blasphemes the name of the Lord shall be put to death\u201d (Leviticus 24:16).<\/p>\n

The Political Trial<\/h4>\n

The Jewish religious leaders lacked the actual authority to carry out the above law: to put a man to death. Such authority belonged to the Roman civil administration. Jesus had carefully kept His activity free of political implications. He refused the temptation of Satan to rule the kingdoms of the world by the sword (Luke 4: 1-12). He often charged His disciples and others to tell no one that He was , the Christ, because of the political overtones that this title carried for many (Matthew 16: 13-20). He rebuked Peter, calling him Satan, when the disciple hinted at His swerving from the true nature of His mission (Matthew 16:23). To Pilate, the spineless and indifferent Roman Governor, He said plainly: \u201cMy kingdom is not of this world\u201d (John 18:36). Jesus was not a political revolutionary who came to free the people from Roman control and establish a new kingdom based on worldly power.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, the religious leaders, acting in agreement with the masses, devised political charges against Him in order to get their way. They presented Christ to the Romans as a political , leader, the \u201cKing of the Jews\u201d in a worldly sense, a threat to Roman rule and a challenge to Caesar. Pilate became fearful of his own position as he heard the charges and saw the seething mobs. Therefore, despite his avowed testimony to Jesus\u2019 innocence, he passed formal sentence, \u201cwashed his hands\u201d of the matter, and turned Jesus over to be crucified (John 19:16).<\/p>\n

Crucifixion\u2014The Triumph of Evil<\/h4>\n

Before succumbing to this cruel Roman method of executing political criminals, Jesus suffered still other injustices. He was stripped, mocked and beaten. He wore a \u201ckingly\u201d crown of thorns on His head. He carried His own cross. He was finally nailed to the cross between two thieves at a place called Golgotha (the place of the skull) outside Jerusalem. An inscription was placed above His head on the Cross to indicate the nature of His crime: \u201cJesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.\u201d He yielded up His spirit at about the ninth hour (3 p.m.), after hanging on the Cross for about six hours.<\/p>\n

On Holy Friday evil triumphed. \u201cIt was night\u201d (John 13:30) when Judas departed from the Last Supper to complete his act of betrayal, and \u201cthere was darkness over all the land\u201d (Matthew 27:45) when Jesus was hanging on the Cross. The evil forces of this world had been massed against Christ. Unjust trials convicted Him. A criminal was released to the people instead of Him. Nails and a spear pierced His body. Bitter vinegar was given to Him to quench His thirst. Only one disciple remained faithful to Him. Finally, the tomb of another man became His place of repose after death.<\/p>\n

The innocent Jesus was put to death on the basis of both religious and political charges. Both Jews and Gentile Romans participated in His death sentence.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe rulers of the people have assembled against the Lord and His Christ.\u201d (Psalm 2\u2014the Prokeimenon of the Holy Thursday Vesperal Liturgy)<\/p>\n

We, also, in many ways continue to participate in the death sentence given to Christ. The formal charges outlined above do not exhaust the reasons for the crucifixion. Behind the formal charges lay a host of injustices brought, on by hidden and personal motivations. Jesus openly spoke the truth about God and man. He thereby exposed the false character of the righteousness and smug security, both religious and material, claimed by many especially those in high places. The constantly occurring expositions of such smugness in our own day teach us the truly illusory nature of much so-called righteousness and security. In the deepest sense, the death of Christ was brought about by hardened, personal sin\u2014the refusal of people to change themselves in the light of reality, which is Christ.<\/p>\n

\u201cHe came to His very own, and His own received Him not\u201d (John 1:11).<\/p>\n

Especially we, the Christian people, are Christ\u2019s very own. He continues to come to us in His Church. Each time we attempt to make the Church into something other than the eternal coming of Christ into our midst, each time we refuse to repent for our wrongs; we, too, reject Christ and participate in His death sentence.<\/p>\n

The Holy Martyr Terence and his companions<\/h2>\n

The Holy Martyr Terence and his companions<\/strong> suffered under the emperor Decius (249-251). The emperor issued an edict commanding all subjects to offer sacrifice to the pagan idols.<\/span><\/p>\n

When the governor of Africa Fortunianus received this edict, he gathered the people into the city square, set out cruel instruments of torture, and declared that everyone without exception had to offer the sacrifice to the idols.<\/p>\n

Many, afraid of torture, complied. However, Saint Terence and forty other Christians bravely affirmed their faith in the Savior and ridiculed the idols. Fortunianus was amazed at their boldness and he asked how they as rational people, could confess as God, One Whom the Jews crucified as a malefactor.<\/p>\n

Saint Terence answered that their belief was in the Savior, Who voluntarily endured death on the Cross and rose on the third day. Fortunianus saw that Terence inspired the others by his example, and so he ordered him to be isolated in prison with his three closest companions: Africanus, Maximus, and Pompeius. Fortunianus was determined to force the rest of the martyrs, including Zeno, Alexander, and Theodore, to renounce Christ.<\/p>\n

Neither threats nor terrible tortures could sway the holy martyrs. They burned them with a red-hot iron, they poured vinegar on the wounds, they sprinkled on salt, and they raked them with iron claws. In spite of their sufferings, the saints did not weaken in their confession of Christ, and the Lord gave them strength.<\/p>\n

Fortunianus gave orders to lead the martyrs into the pagan temple, and once again he urged them to offer sacrifice to the idols. The valiant warriors of Christ cried out, \u201cO Almighty God, Who once sent down fire on Sodom for its iniquity, destroy this impious temple of idolatry.\u201d The idols fell down with a crash, and then the temple lay in ruins. The enraged governor gave orders to execute them, and the martyrs, glorifying God, bowed their necks beneath the executioner\u2019s sword.<\/p>\n

After the execution of the thirty-six martyrs, Fortunianus summoned Terence, Maximus, Africanus and Pompeius before him. He showed them the martyrs\u2019 bodies and again urged them to offer sacrifice to the idols. The martyrs refused. The governor put heavy chains on them and gave orders to starve them to death. By night, an angel of the Lord removed the martyrs\u2019 chains and fed them.<\/p>\n

In the morning, the guards found the saints cheerful and strong. Then Fortunianus ordered sorcerers and conjurers to carry snakes and all kinds of poisonous creatures into the prison. The guards looked into the cell through an opening in the ceiling and saw the martyrs unharmed, praying, and the snakes crawling at their feet.<\/p>\n

When the sorcerers opened the door of the prison cell, the snakes bit them. The furious Fortunianus gave orders to behead the holy martyrs. Christians took up their holy bodies and buried them with reverence outside the city.<\/p>\n

Troparion \u2014 Tone 4<\/strong><\/p>\n

A chosen army of athletes from Africa contested nobly for the faith. \/ They were of one mind and heart \/ and of one accord in their struggles. \/ Now they intercede that we all may be saved.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tr by oca.org<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Orthodox Calendar, April 10 Great and Holy Friday On Great and Holy Friday, Christ died on the Cross. He gave up His spirit with the words: \u201cIt is finished\u201d (John 19:30). 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